FITS: Flexible Image Transport System.

http://archive.stsci.edu/fits/

The astronomical community has adopted the Flexible Image Transport System (i.e. FITS) format as the default standard for the exchange of data between institutions. The FITS file format is platform independent, supported by many institutions, and endorsed by both NASA and the IAU. For these reasons FITS is the recommended file format for archiving data at STScI. A description of the MAST data format recommendations can be found in the MAST Data Format Guidelines document.

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